SCHORR LAW'S REAL ESTATE BLOG

Statute of Frauds: Agreements That Need to Be in Writing

Updated on June 29, 2021

Statute of Frauds Real Estate

The Statute of Frauds, California Civil Code section 1624, requires certain contracts to be in writing to be enforceable. Under the statute, contracts for the sale, gift, or financing of real property must be memorialized in a writing that satisfies the statute of frauds.

To Satisfy the Statute of Frauds, a Real Estate Contract Must Contain the Following:

1. Signature by the “party to be charged,” who is the party against whom the contract is being enforced
2. Sufficiently identify the parties to the contract and the subject matter of the contract
3. Identify the property
4. State the essential terms of the agreement—such as setting forth the price with a reasonable degree of certainty
5. An indication that the person signing the writing made or offered the contract; this is to make sure that the person to be charged with the contract had present intent to be legally obligated by contract

Some examples of real property contracts that come under the statute of frauds:

1. An agreement to purchase or sell real property
2. An agreement to lease real property for a period of 1 year or more
3. An agreement to employ an agent or broker to list or sell real property
4. An agreement to create or transfer a life estate in real property
5. A contract for the sale of the water rights or timber
6. A gift of real property
7. An agreement to exchange real property
8. An agreement to devise real property by will
9. An agreement to settle litigation by transferring real property
10. An agreement secure a debt by mortgage or deed of trust, or an agreement to extend or a renew the debt
11. An agreement to assume and pay the deed secured by mortgage or deed of trust

Exception: Doctrine of Part Performance

There may be limited instances where an agreement will be enforced despite the lack of a writing that satisfies the statute of frauds in real estate.

For example, the doctrine of part performance may permit the enforcement of an oral agreement for the sale of property that is not accompanied by a valid writing. There are specific requirements on what the buyer must do, however. In reliance on the oral agreement, the buyer must have taken possession of the property and made a full or partial payment of the purchase price, or made valuable and substantial improvements to the property. It is not enough for the buyer to show that he or she has paid the purchase price of the property; there must be sufficient part performance of the parties’ oral agreement to remove it from the purview of the statute of frauds.

The statute of frauds covers a wide range of contracts involving real property and its impact may be significant—it may be the very issue that causes a litigant to win or lose one’s case. Therefore, an analysis of the statute of frauds is virtually always required when analyzing an agreement involving real property.

Schorr Law’s Real Estate Fraud Attorneys in Los Angeles is experienced in dealing in real property disputes, including issues that may arise from the statute of frauds. To schedule a consultation, please contact real estate lawyers in Los Angeles by phone, email, or through our contact form.

Related Post: How to Avoid Real Estate Fraud: Suggestions for Buyers and Sellers